Pterygium in the Eye

Pterygium in the eye: what it is and how to recognize it

A pterygium is a non-cancerous growth that forms on the conjunctiva — the thin membrane covering the white of the eye — and extends toward the cornea, forming a wing-shaped band that can interfere with vision if it reaches the center of the cornea. It is usually pinkish in color and may be accompanied by irritation, redness, a foreign-body sensation or dryness.

What it looks like

A pterygium typically appears as a fleshy, triangular or wing-shaped growth starting at the inner corner of the eye. Early on it may be small and cause few symptoms; as it advances toward the cornea it becomes more visible and more likely to affect comfort and vision.

Causes and risk factors

The main driver is cumulative exposure to ultraviolet light, which is why pterygium is often called "surfer’s eye." Wind, dust and dry air contribute as well. People who spend long periods outdoors — especially in hot, sunny climates — are at higher risk.

When does it need treatment?

Mild, stable cases are managed with lubricating and anti-inflammatory drops and diligent UV protection. Treatment escalates to surgery when the pterygium advances toward the center of the cornea, distorts vision, causes persistent discomfort, or is cosmetically bothersome. Modern surgery removes the growth and covers the area with a conjunctival autograft to minimize recurrence.

Getting it assessed

If you notice a growing spot on the white of your eye or persistent irritation, an ophthalmologist can examine it with a slit lamp and advise whether monitoring or treatment is appropriate. An assessment by a cornea specialist is especially valuable when surgery is being considered.